Document Fraud: How PDF Metadata Analysis Uncovered Manipulated HOA Loss Assessments

The Investigation: Forensic Document Analysis

A national insurance carrier asked Delta Group to conduct a forensic analysis of multiple Loss Assessment letters submitted across several related property claims.

Our mission:

  • Compare “original” and “resubmitted” versions of Loss Assessment documents
  • Analyze metadata to trace document creation and editing history
  • Verify authenticity against a legitimate version obtained directly from the property management company
  • Provide defensible, court-ready findings for coverage and fraud determinations

The Challenge

A carrier’s SIU team noticed a troubling pattern: multiple HOA Loss Assessment letters supporting property damage claims appeared to have been revised after initial submission. These revisions had material implications for coverage decisions, including:

  • Loss date timing affecting policy periods
  • Deductible amounts based on claim dates
  • Peril classification (hail vs. wind)
  • Claim valuation and settlement amounts

The carrier needed to determine whether these documents were authentic, independently issued letters from property management companies—or whether they had been altered post-issuance to support inflated or improper claims.

Delta Group’s Approach

Delta Group’s investigative research team performed comprehensive PDF metadata forensic analysis, examining:

  • Creation and modification timestamps across all document versions
  • Software “producer” identifiers revealing editing applications used
  • Time-zone data indicating document location origins
  • Document lineage patterns linking files across unrelated claims
  • Structural fingerprints showing formatting and content changes

This non-invasive analysis preserved document integrity while providing repeatable, defensible evidence.

What We Discovered

Delta Group’s forensic analysis revealed:

  • Common source file identified: Multiple Loss Assessment letters across different properties shared identical creation timestamps, proving they originated from a single template file
  • Post-submission alterations documented: “Updated” versions showed modification dates that aligned precisely with claim refiling dates and deductible changes
  • Foreign editing environment detected: Metadata revealed documents were edited using different software and from a different time zone than the property management company’s location
  • Authentic document comparison: The legitimate Loss Assessment obtained directly from the property manager showed distinctly different metadata consistent with proper issuance procedures
  • Forgery confirmed: The property management company independently verified they did

The Outcome

Investigation Results:

  • Delta Group’s forensic findings accepted by carrier SIU as primary evidence
  • Analysis included as formal exhibits in the SIU investigative report
  • Findings directly supported coverage denial and fraud referral decisions
  • Carrier avoided paying claims based on falsified documentation, which constituted proven insurance fraud

Financial Impact:

  • Multiple fraudulent claims identified across portfolio
  • Thousands of dollars in claim leakage prevented per file
  • Total investigation cost: Minimal compared to potential losses

Additional Applications for Metadata Analysis

While this metadata investigation was used for HOA Loss Assessment verification, our forensic methodology also applies to:

  • Refiled or reopened property claims
  • Deductible or peril classification disputes
  • Complex multi-document claim reviews
  • Contractor invoice and estimate validation
  • SIU escalation and fraud referral support
  • Documentation in support of policy applications

Contact Delta Group to learn more.

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